Objectives

CH 106 - Lesson 7
Carbohydrates

Pupose:

To study how carbohydrates help provide the structural and energy needs of living things.

Objectives: You have completed this lesson when you can:

1. Recognize names of carbohydrates from their common ending; describe the chemical composition of carbohydrates; and know their major functions in living organisms.

2. Draw the complete structure of D-glucose, both its straight chain and its a and b cyclic forms. Describe the structural features which determine its form and its classifications as a D sugar, an aldohexose, and a reducing sugar. Know the numbering system for the carbon atoms.

3. Draw the complete structure of D-fructose, both its straight chain and its a and b cyclic forms. Describe the structural features which determine its form and its classifications as a D sugar, a ketohexose, and a reducing sugar.

4. Draw the complete structure of sucrose. Be able to describe the structural features that make it a disaccharide and a non-reducing sugar. Identify the a-glucosidic and the  b-fructosidic bonds. Know the kinds of reactions involved in the formation of a disaccharide from monosaccharides and vice versa.

5. Describe the structure of the polysaccharides starch, cellulose, and glycogen in terms of the nature of their monomers and the types of bonds between the monomeric units. Know the principle function of each.

6. Outline the metabolic processes that comprise the carbohydrate "life cycle" and describe the energy changes that accompany them. Know the overall reactions and the roles of both photosynthesis and respiration.

7. Describe the process by which plants generate glucose.

8. Describe the process by which plants and animals convert glucose into CO₂ and H₂O and release energy.

9. Compare fats and carbohydrates as energy sources.

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E-mail instructor: Sue Eggling

Clackamas Community College
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