Review for Final Exam

Review Questions: 

1.      Name and classify the following molecules.

2.      Classify then draw the following molecules.

a.      2-isopropyl-3-methyl-2-pentanol

b.      1,1,1-trichloroethane

c.      acetyl aldehyde

d.      butanoic acid

e.      1-bromo-1-cyclohexene

f.        ethyl methyl ether

g.      p-ethyltoluene

h.      3-amino-4,4-dimethylheptane

 3.      Circle the member of each pair that is more soluble in water.

a.      CH₃CH₂OCH₂CH₃ or CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃

b.      CH₃CH₂NHCH₃ or CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₃

c.      CH₃CH₂OH or CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂OH

d.      Acetone or cyclohexanone

4.      Draw and name the two possible isomers of CH₃CHCHCH₂CH(CH₃)₂

5.      For the compounds below, state the number of pi and sigma bonds present and also include the hybridization of all the carbons.

 6.      List the following molecules in terms of increasing melting points: ethyl methyl ether, propanoic acid, 1-propanol and propane.

 7.      Give example of a compound that is:

a.      heterocyclic

b.      aromatic

c.      polycyclic

d.      heterocyclic, polycyclic and aromatic

8.      Two bottles lost their labels.  You know that one is 1-butanol and the other is 2-methyl-2-butanol.   Explain what lab tests you would use to rematch the labels to the bottles.

 9.      Describe how you would synthesize 2-butanone starting with 1-butene.

 10. By IR data only, how would you distinguish between ethene and 1-propene?

 11. The IR for an unknown compound is given below.  When burned on a copper wire, no change was seen in the flame.  No reaction was seen with Br₂ (in 1,1,1-trichloroethane) even when a catalyst was added.  When the compound was heated with concentrated sulfuric acid and then the Br₂ was added, the Br₂ color stayed.  After the unknown was mixed then heated with K₂Cr₂O₄ and concentrated sulfuric acid the resulting solution did not change color.  What type of organic compound is it?

1.         Give some examples of compounds that are considered lipids. 

2.         How do fatty acids become neutral fats?  What is the role of fats in the structure of a cell membrane?

3.  Label each of the following molecules as a fat, fatty acid, oil, or phosolipid.

4.         Describe the “life cycle” of a carbohydrate, beginning with photosynthesis.

5.         What is the difference between D-glucose and L-glucose?  Draw those structures.

6.         What is the difference between a-D-glucose and b-D-glucose?  Which one is the monosaccharide that creates cellulose?  the one that creates glycogen?

7.         Draw the structure of sucrose.   What are the monomers that make up this disaccharide?  Is sucrose a reducing or non-reducing sugar – why?

8.         Compare fats and carbohydrates as energy sources.  Which gives more energy (per gram)? Why? Which gives energy more quickly? Why?

9.         Why is ATP called a “high energy compound”? 

10.       What type of reaction occurs when:

a.      many glucose molecules form glycogen

b.      a protein is broken down into individual amino acids

c.      phosphate, sugar, and a base form a nucleotide

d.      glycerol and fatty acids form fats

11.       Draw the a-L-amino acid where R = methyl.

12.       Describe the four primary functions of proteins and give an example of each.

            Structural:

             Messenger:

            Enzyme:

            Transport:

13. Leu-Leu-Ala-Arg-Gln-Thr-His-Ser is an example of the _____________ structure of a protein.

The a-helix is an example of the _____________ structure of a protein.  

“Three peptide chains are held together by hydrogen, van der Waals, and ionic bonding” describes an example of the ________________ structure of a protein.

  14.  What two things determine which bases will pair up in DNA or RNA?  What are the complementary base pairs for DNA? For RNA?

  15. List the differences between DNA and RNA.

  16. What is the primary function of DNA?

17. Describe the following processes.  What molecules are involved?

    Replication:

Transcription:

Translation:

Top of Page

Distance Learning questions