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Answers to selected Exercises from the Workbook.

1. a. NaOH sodium hydroxide
Mg(OH)2 magnesium hydroxide
Fe(OH)3 iron(III) hydroxide or ferric hydroxide
b. NH3 ammonia
NH4OH ammonium hydroxide
c. HCl hydrochloric acid
HI hydroiodic acid
H2S hydrosulfuric acid (dihydrogen sulfide)

 

2. b. PO33- phosphite H3PO3 phosphorous acid
SO32- sulfite H2SO3 sulfurous acid
c. HClO4 perchloric acid
HClO3 chloric acid
HClO2 chlorous acid
HClO hypochlorous acid

 

3. potassium hydroxide KOH potassium nitrate KNO3
calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 sodium nitrite NaNO2
ammonia NH3 sodium hypochlorite NaClO
hydrobromic acid HBr sodium bisulfate NaHSO4
bromic acid HBrO3 sodium hydrogen carbonate NaHCO3
sulfuric acid H2SO4 sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3
sulfurous acid H2SO3 bicarbonate of soda NaHCO3
phosphoric acid H3PO4 magnesium perchlorate Mg(ClO4)2
periodic acid HIO4 aluminum sulfite Al2(SO3)3

 

4. NaOH sodium hydroxide Li2CO3 lithium carbonate
Mg(OH)2 magnesium hydroxide Al(HCO3)3 aluminum bicarbonate
NH4+ ammonium NH4Cl ammonium chloride
OH- hydroxide NaKSO4 sodium potassium sulfate
NO3- nitrate KBr potassium bromide
NO2- nitrite HC2H3O2 acetic acid
HI hydroiodic acid NaC2H3O2 sodium acetate
HIO2 iodous acid HCl hydrochloric acid
HIO4 periodic acid HNO2 nitrous acid

 

7. c. How many equivalents are there in each of the following?

        2 moles HCl = 2 eq

        .4 mole HCl = .4 eq

        .4 mole H2SO4 = .8 eq

        1.2 mole H3PO4 = 3.6 eq

        .7 mole NaOH = .7 eq

        4.3 mole Mg(OH)2 = 8.6 eq

   d. How many moles are there in each of the following?

        3.2 eq HCl = 3.2 mole

        .76 eq H2SO4 = .38 mole

        .76 eq H3PO4 = .25 mole

        1.56 eq Mg(OH)2 = .78 mole

        1.56 g H2SO4 = .0159 mole

 

8.  b. calculate the equivalent weights for these chemicals:

        HCl 36.5 g/eq

        H2SO4  49.1 g/eq

        H3PO4  32.7 g/eq

        NaOH  40.0 g/eq

        Mg(OH)2  29.2 g/eq

    c. What are the equivalent weights of these chemicals?

        HNO3  63.0 g/eq      H2S  17.1 g/eq     Ca(OH)2   37.1 g/eq

    d.  45.1 g/eq

 

10.    a. 0.17 M  or  0.33 N

        b. 0.83 M  or  0.83 N

        c. 0.19 M  or  0.39 N

        d. 0.60 N

 

12.    a.  coefficients, in order

              1:2:2:1

              1:2:2:1

              2:1:2:1

        b. HCl  +  KOH  -->  KCl  +  H2O

            2HNO3   +  Ba(OH)2  -->  Ba(NO3)2  +   2H2O

            H3PO4   +  3NaOH  -->  Na3PO4  +  3H2O

            2H3PO4   +  3Ba(OH)2  -->  Ba3(PO4)2   +  6H2O

 

14.    a. molecular:  HNO3  +  NH4OH   -->  NH4NO3  +  H2O

            ionic:   H+ + NO3- + NH4OH --> NH4+ + NO3- + H2O

            net ionic:    H+  +  NH4OH -->  NH4+ + H2O

        b. molecular: HBr + KOH --> H2O  +  KBr

            ionic:    H+  +  Br- + K+ + OH- --> H2O + K+ +  Br- 

            net ionic:    H+  +  OH- --> H2O

        c. molecular:  HClO  +  NaOH -->  H2O  +  NaClO

            ionic:    HClO  +  Na+ + OH- -->  H2O  +  Na+ +  ClO-

            net ionic:  HClO + OH- -->  H2O  +  ClO- 

        d.  molecular:    HBrO3  +  LiOH -->  H2O  +  LiBrO3

             ionic:  HBrO3 + Li+  +  OH-  -->  H2O  +  Li+  +  BrO3-

16.    a. 0.120 N  

        b. 0.41 N  or  0.21 M

        c. 0.020 N  or  0.010 M

        d. 0.061 N  or  0.030 M  (The conc. of phosphoric acid is given in M, but you need to use N to do the titration calculation correctly.)