Neutralization
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Neutralization

It is possible to predict the products of acid-base neutralization reactions in the same way that you were able to predict the products of double-displacement precipitation reactions. Let's use the neutralization of stomach acid (HCl) by milk of magnesia (Mg(OH)2) as an example.

Mentally (or on paper) divide the acid into H+ ions and negative ions. Similarly, divide the base into positive ions and OH- ions. For products, the H+ and OH- ions make H2O.  (At this point it may look like you have an excess of H+ or OH- ions - don't worry that you don't have enough of both to make a whole number of H2O molecules!  When you balance the equation you will find that there will be plenty of each ion in the end.) So the next step is to combine the positive and negative ions to make an ionic compound (a salt) taking into account the charges on each ion. In this case, Mg2+ and Cl- make MgCl2. If the formula of the salt is correct, you should have no trouble balancing the equation and you'll see that you do have whole numbers of water molecules.

Reactants Products
HCl + Mg(OH)2  
H+  Cl-  Mg2+   OH-  
  MgCl2 + H2O
2 HCl + Mg(OH)2 rtarrow.gif (850 bytes) MgCl2 + 2 H2O

Practice (Ex. 9)

Now try your hand at this by completing and balancing equations for these reactions (which are also shown in exercise 9 in your workbook). Check your answers below, then continue.

KOH + H2CO3 rtarrow.gif (850 bytes)

HBr + Al(OH)3 rtarrow.gif (850 bytes)

H3PO4 + Ca(OH)2 rtarrow.gif (850 bytes)

 

Answers (Ex. 9)

Here are the answers (to exercise 9). If you have trouble with any of these you should stop now and get help from your instructor.

2 KOH + H2CO3 rtarrow.gif (850 bytes) 2 H2O + K2CO3

3 HBr + Al(OH)3 rtarrow.gif (850 bytes) 3 H2O + AlBr3

2 H3PO4 + 3 Ca(OH)2 rtarrow.gif (850 bytes) 6 H2O +  Ca3(PO4)2

 

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