|
| |
Transition Metals
| Notice that when you deal with the transition metals, the pattern is not
quite so distinct. |
Sc
4s23d1 |
Ti
4s23d2 |
V
4s23d3 |
Cr
4s13d5 |
Mn
4s23d5 |
Fe
4s23d6 |
Co
4s23d7 |
Ni
4s23d8 |
Cu
4s13d10 |
Zn
4s23d10 |
|
| There are patterns here but the patterns are not as reliable. Let's start
with element number 21, scandium. From calcium to scandium, the additional electron goes
into the 3d1. So scandium has 4s23d1, or if you prefer,
3d14s2, as shown in example 2 in your workbook. You can write it in
either direction, but it is 4s2 and 3d1. Then the next electron (the
22nd one) also goes in the 3d sublevel . Thus titanium, Ti, has 3d2 as part of
its electron configuration. Vanadium, then, is 3d3 and so on across except that
you will notice that chromium does not have 3d4 like you might expect. We
continue with manganese at 3d5 and 4s2 and continue across with 3d6,
3d7, 3d8 but copper is not 3d9. You will not be expected
to know what the exact electron configuration is for the transition elements when they
alter that configuration a little bit. So when you are asked to figure out the electron
configuration for a transition element, it probably will be one that follows the pattern,
rather than one that doesn't. |
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